1994 Northridge earthquake seismic waves. Animation of a global map showing the progress of the seismic waves produced by the Northridge earthquake of 17 January 1994. This 6.7 moment magnitude earthquake struck the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, USA. It was the most costly earthquake in US history, and killed 57 people. Earthquakes produce three types of waves that travel through and over the surrounding rock. Primary (P) waves, secondary (S) waves and surface waves. The waves are colour-coded: P-waves (red), S-waves (cyan), and surface waves (yellow). At lower left is a graphic that shows the waves reflecting and refracting inside the Earth and in its layers (the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core). The times taken for the seismic waves to reach the opposite side of the Earth are: P-waves, 26 minutes; S-waves, 48 minutes; and surface waves, nearly 90 minutes. |