Water conduction in plants. Animation illustrating the uptake and conduction of water that takes place in vascular plants. Water molecules (H2O) move from the soil (left, brown) into the root hairs (pili, red) by osmosis. The water passes through the epidermis (green) and diffuses freely through the plasmodesmata (centre, junctions between the parenchyma cells, detail in inset at bottom). This transport method is also used to transport other substances (not shown here) like a variety of nutrients, sugars, amino acids and also larger molecules needed by the plant. These solutes move from epidermis cells to the endodermis (yellow, including Casparian strip, light blue) and pericycle (purple), from where they are moved into the xylem (brown tube, far right). Water passes up the xylem system towards the stem and leaves, pulled upwards by transpiration and powered by evaporation from the leaf stomata. For this animation with labels, see K004/0366. |