James Van Allen with Pioneer 4. US space scientist James Van Allen (1914-2006) with the Pioneer 4 space probe in the 1950s. The probe is seen here before it was gold plated and painted with stripes to help control its temperature after launch. Van Allen was the principal investigator for the radiation experiment that was part of the Pioneer 3 and Pioneer 4 payloads. After the launch of Pioneer 4 on 3 March 1959,the experiment successfully measured radiation found around the Earth. The instrument used two Geiger-Mueller tubes to detect and measure radiation and a small battery-powered radio transmitter to send the data to Earth. After passing the Moon,Pioneer 4 went into a heliocentric orbit | |
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