Stem cells may be harvested from human embryonic material (from upper left) or from bone marrow (lower left). Researchers have engineered islet cells isolated from human cadavers by adding to the stem cells' DNA special genes that stimulate cell proliferation. However,because once such cell lines that can proliferate in culture are established,they no longer produce insulin. The cell lines are further engineered to express the beta islet cell gene,PDX-1,which stimulates the expression of the insulin gene. The genetically engineered beta cells are infused into the liver where they begin to produce insulin. Massive amounts of anti-immune drugs are usually needed to prevent destruction of the beta cells by the immune system. This can cause many other | |
Lizenzart: | Lizenzpflichtig |
Credit: | Science Photo Library / Carol and Mike Werner |
Bildgröße: | 6060 px × 4040 px |
Modell-Rechte: | nicht erforderlich |
Eigentums-Rechte: | nicht erforderlich |
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