Wolfgang Ketterle (born 1957),German physicist. He received the 2001 Nobel Prize for Physics,along with two others,for their work on Bose- Einstein condensates (BECs),the "fifth state of matter". These are formed when atoms are cooled to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. The atoms then behave as if they were one large atom. Ketterle has used this coherence to form an atom laser,the particle equivalent of a normal (light) laser. BECs could have many uses in nanotechnology and precision measurement. Ketterle is the John A MacArthur professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),USA. Photographed in 2001 | |
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