Nanotechnology Centre,IBM research. German physicist Roland Germann (Manager Nanocenter Operations),with a silicon wafer,in a clean room at the Nanotechnology Centre at IBM Research-Zurich,Switzerland. Processes carried out here in these high-grade clean rooms include lithography,wet processing,wet chemical etching,thin-film deposition,dry etching,thermal processing,and vapour phase deposition. Other processes include plating,lapping/polishing,dicing and bonding,and polymer waveguide processing. Materials include semiconductors (such as silicon),metals,insulators,polymers,organics and oxides. Photographed in 2011 |