ATP synthase enzyme complex. Illustration of the enzyme complex that drives the synthesis of the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Known as ATP synthase, this enzyme complex is found embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane (not shown). The lower part (purple) is a channel through which protons (H+) move. The upper part (blue) is where ATP synthesis takes place. The protein complex rotates as ATP is synthesised and protons move through the channels. ATP is formed from a reaction between ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The detailed structural elements shown here are (from bottom to top): the F0-subunit (dark purple), the axle-element (light purple), the stator element (light blue), and the upper F1-subunit (blue) where ATP synthesis takes place. For the enzyme complex in action, see image F021/9625. |