Isotopes of carbon. Illustration showing three isotopes of carbon: carbon-12,carbon-13 and carbon-14. Isotopes are forms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Carbon-12 has 6 protons (red) and 6 neutrons (blue) in the nucleus,carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons,and carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. All three isotopes also have 6 electrons (black) orbiting the nucleus. Carbon (C) has 15 known isotopes,from carbon-8 to carbon-22,two of which (carbon-12 and carbon-13) are stable. The longest-lived radioisotope is carbon-14,with a half-life of 5,700 years. This is used in archaeology to date biological material | |
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